How do edibles work?

[An Rí]

Edibles work by delivering cannabis through the digestive system, rather than by inhalation, leading to a slower onset and often a longer-lasting effect. When you consume an edible, the cannabinoids, primarily THC and CBD, are absorbed through the stomach and intestines. The THC is then processed by the liver, which converts it into a compound called 11-hydroxy-THC. This metabolite is known to be more potent and has a longer half-life than THC inhaled through smoking or vaping, which is why edibles can produce stronger, longer-lasting effects.

Here’s a general overview of how edibles work in the body:

1. Digestion and Absorption: After ingestion, the edible is digested in the stomach and intestines, with THC and other cannabinoids entering the bloodstream. This process can take anywhere from 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on factors like the user’s metabolism, what they’ve eaten, and individual body chemistry.
2. First-Pass Metabolism: Once absorbed, THC undergoes "first-pass metabolism" in the liver, converting it into 11-hydroxy-THC. This compound is more effective at crossing the blood-brain barrier, which contributes to the stronger, often sedative effects associated with edibles.
3. Onset and Duration: Due to the digestive process, the effects of edibles take longer to kick in (30 minutes to 2 hours) compared to inhalation methods. However, once they do, the effects can last from 4 to 8 hours or more, making them a popular choice for those looking for prolonged relief.
4. Dose Control: Edibles can be more challenging to dose accurately because of the delayed onset. It’s recommended to "start low and go slow" – begin with a low dose and wait a couple of hours before deciding if you want more.

Since edibles don’t produce smoke or vapor, they’re discreet, odor-free, and don’t have the respiratory risks of inhaled cannabis. However, because of the delay and the potent effects, it’s easy to consume too much, so pacing and patience are key.